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Measures

Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory: A Multidimensional Measure of Fear of Failure

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The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) measures beliefs associated with the avoidance achievement motive, also known as fear of failure. The file linked below includes the items and scoring information for the English-language version of the PFAI. The long version provides scores representing five specific beliefs about the likelihood of specific aversive consequences of failing, and a sixth score representing a general fear of failure. The short form only provides a score representing a general fear of failure. For most research applications, the short form is sufficient. Three key papers on the psychometric properties of scores are also linked below.

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Permission is hereby granted for anyone to use the long (25-item) or short (5-item) versions of this measure for research purposes.

Publications for Psychometric Properties of Scores for PFAI

Conroy (2001): Original 41-item version of the PFAI (not recommended for use)

This is the Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. Click on the image to access the long and short form of the PFAIs.

Conroy, Willow & Metzler (2002): Long (25-item) & short (5-item) form PFAIs

This image is the Structural Equation Modeling Journal. Click on the image to access the long and short form of the PFAI.

Conroy, Metzler & Hofer (2003): Invariance & stability of long (25-item) & short (5-item) form PFAIs

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